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Drone software development is revolutionizing industries by enabling unmanned aerial vehicles to perform diverse tasks. From flight control and navigation systems to payload integration and data processing, developers are shaping the future of drones.

Flight Control and Navigation
Sophisticated algorithms enhance drone stability and maneuverability, ensuring safe and precise flight. Navigation systems with GPS and sensors enable autonomous and real-time navigation, expanding the possibilities of drone applications.

Payload Integration and Data Processing
Integrating cameras, sensors, and actuators enables drones to collect high-quality data. Image and video processing algorithms enhance data quality, while sensor integration allows for advanced applications like crop monitoring and terrain mapping.

User Interfaces and Remote Control
User-friendly interfaces empower operators to control drones effectively and access real-time data. Streamlining the user experience is crucial for intuitive control and monitoring.

Autonomous Operations and AI
Artificial intelligence empowers drones to operate autonomously, making independent decisions based on data. ML algorithms optimize flight routes, detect anomalies, and enable advanced applications like automated inspections and delivery services.

Regulatory Compliance and Safety
Drone software incorporates features like geofencing and altitude limits to comply with regulations and ensure safety. This safeguards airspace integrity and protects privacy.

Conclusion

> Drone software development is propelling the drone industry forward. Advancements in flight control, navigation, payload integration, user interfaces, and autonomous operations are expanding the potential of drones across industries while ensuring safety and compliance. The future holds immense possibilities as developers continue to innovate and unlock new capabilities for these versatile aerial vehicles.

![alter-text](/images/post/post-8.png)
_Example Caption_


Soaring High: The Evolution of Drone Software Development


The highly anticipated Stack Overflow Survey 2023 has arrived, offering a treasure trove of insights into the ever-evolving tech industry. Packed with comprehensive data and trends, this year's survey provides invaluable information for tech enthusiasts, developers, and industry professionals alike. From emerging technologies to job satisfaction and career growth, the Stack Overflow Survey 2023 is the key to unlocking success in the digital landscape.

Unearthing the Hottest Tech Trends

For those seeking to stay ahead of the curve, the Stack Overflow Survey 2023 is a goldmine of information on the latest tech trends. It highlights the emerging technologies that are reshaping industries and redefining skill requirements. From machine learning and artificial intelligence to blockchain and cloud computing, the survey reveals which technologies are in high demand and are projected to shape the future of the tech landscape.

The survey not only identifies trending technologies but also delves into the preferred programming languages, frameworks, and tools used by developers worldwide. Whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting your coding journey, this information is invaluable in deciding which skills to acquire or enhance for maximum career growth and marketability.

> Insights into Job Satisfaction and Compensation
> Job satisfaction and compensation are vital factors that shape our professional lives. The Stack Overflow Survey 2023 delves deep into these aspects, providing an in-depth understanding of the state of the tech industry. It explores key factors influencing job satisfaction, such as work-life balance, remote work opportunities, company culture, and professional development.

Furthermore, the survey sheds light on the compensation landscape, examining salary trends across various roles, industries, and geographic locations. Whether you're a software engineer, data scientist, or cybersecurity specialist, the survey provides valuable benchmarks to gauge your earning potential and negotiate for fair compensation.

Navigating Career Growth and Opportunities

The Stack Overflow Survey 2023 serves as a compass for career growth and opportunities in the tech industry. It offers insights into the most sought-after skills, certifications, and educational backgrounds that employers value. Armed with this knowledge, you can strategically plan your career path, identify skill gaps, and invest in continuous learning to stay competitive in a rapidly evolving industry.

The survey also sheds light on job trends, such as remote work preferences, freelance opportunities, and the growing gig economy. With the rise of remote work and flexible arrangements, the Stack Overflow Survey 2023 provides insights into the changing nature of work, helping you make informed decisions about your career trajectory and work-life balance preferences.

![stack-overflow](/images/post/post-15-2.png)
_Stack Overflow survey_

A Community of Insights and Collaboration

Beyond the wealth of data and insights, the Stack Overflow Survey 2023 embodies the power of a vibrant and collaborative tech community. It brings together developers, industry experts, and tech enthusiasts from around the world, fostering knowledge-sharing, networking, and collaboration.

Through the survey results, you gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by developers globally, and you realize that you're not alone in your professional journey. The Stack Overflow community provides a platform for asking questions, seeking guidance, and building connections with like-minded individuals.

> So, dive into the Stack Overflow Survey 2023, and unlock the secrets to thriving in the dynamic world of technology. Empower yourself with the latest trends, career insights, and community support, and pave your way to a successful and fulfilling tech career. Your journey starts now!


Unveiling the Insights: Stack Overflow Survey 2023 - Your Gateway to Tech Trends and Career Successr


As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and reliant on technology, the landscape of cyber threats and crimes continues to evolve at an alarming pace. With every technological advancement, new vulnerabilities emerge, creating challenges for individuals, businesses, and governments alike. In this article, we will explore the future of cybersecurity and cybercrimes, delving into the potential risks and the innovative solutions that are shaping the digital frontier.

The Rise of Sophisticated Cyber Threats

The future of cybersecurity is undoubtedly marked by the rise of sophisticated cyber threats. As technology evolves, so do the tactics employed by malicious actors. We can expect to see an increase in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) by both cybercriminals and cybersecurity professionals.

Cybercriminals will leverage AI and ML to automate attacks, making them faster, more efficient, and harder to detect. They can use these technologies to develop more targeted phishing campaigns, generate realistic deepfake content, or even deploy autonomous malware capable of adapting and evolving in real-time.

To counter these advanced threats, cybersecurity professionals will also harness the power of AI and ML. These technologies can help identify patterns, detect anomalies, and predict potential vulnerabilities, allowing for proactive defense mechanisms. The future of cybersecurity lies in a constant battle of wits between cybercriminals and defenders, with AI and ML serving as powerful weapons on both sides.

Securing the Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the way we interact with the world around us, from smart homes and connected cars to industrial systems and healthcare devices. However, this interconnectedness also opens the door to new cyber threats and vulnerabilities.

As more devices become IoT-enabled, the potential attack surface for cybercriminals widens. In the future, we can expect to see an increased focus on securing IoT devices and networks. This includes implementing robust encryption protocols, establishing strict access controls, and developing comprehensive security frameworks to protect sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access.

Additionally, the integration of blockchain technology within the IoT ecosystem holds promise for enhancing security. Blockchain's decentralized and immutable nature can help secure IoT transactions, verify device identities, and prevent tampering or unauthorized modifications.

> Emerging Technologies: Boon or Bane?
> The future of cybersecurity will undoubtedly be shaped by emerging technologies such as 5G, quantum computing, and edge computing. While these technologies offer immense potential for innovation and efficiency, they also introduce new security challenges.

5G networks, with their ultra-low latency and high data transfer speeds, will fuel the growth of IoT devices and enable more seamless connectivity. However, the increased volume of data transmitted over 5G networks will require robust encryption and authentication mechanisms to prevent interception and unauthorized access.

![cyber-reality](/images/post/post-14-2.png)
_Cyber World_

Quantum computing, on the other hand, poses a unique threat to current encryption methods. Its immense computational power can potentially break existing cryptographic algorithms, rendering sensitive data vulnerable. As a result, the future of cybersecurity lies in developing quantum-resistant encryption algorithms and adopting post-quantum cryptography to ensure data remains secure.

> Edge computing, which brings processing capabilities closer to the data source, offers numerous benefits in terms of speed and efficiency. However, it also creates additional entry points for cybercriminals. Securing the edge will require implementing strong access controls, encryption mechanisms, and real-time threat monitoring to prevent unauthorized access or data breaches.

Collaboration and Regulation: A Collective Effort

The future of cybersecurity and combating cybercrimes requires a collective effort involving individuals, businesses, governments, and cybersecurity professionals. Collaboration and information-sharing between organizations and across borders are essential to stay one step ahead of cybercriminals.

Governments and regulatory bodies play a crucial role in establishing robust cybersecurity frameworks and legislation. The future will witness increased efforts


The Future of Cybersecurity and Cybercrimes: Navigating the Digital Frontier


The Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) is an annual event eagerly anticipated by Apple enthusiasts and developers around the world. Each year, the keynote address sets the stage for groundbreaking announcements, unveiling new software updates, and showcasing the latest innovations from the tech giant. In 2023, Apple delivered yet another remarkable keynote, providing a glimpse into the future of their products and services. Let's dive into the highlights of the WWDC Keynote 2023 and explore the exciting developments that lie ahead.

macOS 13: Reimagining the Desktop Experience

One of the most anticipated announcements was the unveiling of macOS 13, the latest iteration of Apple's desktop operating system. With macOS 13, Apple has taken the desktop experience to a whole new level. The keynote showcased a visually stunning interface, featuring a refreshed design language that seamlessly blends aesthetics and functionality. From the vibrant new icons to the revamped Control Center, every aspect of macOS 13 exudes elegance and simplicity.

But it's not just about looks. Apple has introduced powerful new features to enhance productivity and streamline workflows. An advanced multitasking system allows users to effortlessly manage multiple windows and applications, boosting efficiency and organization. Improved integration between macOS and iOS further enables a seamless experience across Apple devices, allowing users to seamlessly transition from their Mac to their iPhone or iPad.

> iOS 16: Redefining Mobile Experience
> The WWDC Keynote also unveiled iOS 16, the next generation of Apple's mobile operating system. With iOS 16, Apple aims to redefine the mobile experience, making it more intuitive, personalized, and secure than ever before. The keynote showcased a range of exciting features that left the audience in awe.

One standout feature is the all-new "Adaptive Assistant." Powered by advanced machine learning algorithms, the Adaptive Assistant analyzes user behavior, preferences, and context to deliver a tailored user experience. It adapts to individual usage patterns, offering personalized suggestions, automating tasks, and even proactively providing assistance based on the user's needs. This groundbreaking feature promises to revolutionize how users interact with their iPhones, making them feel truly understood and catered to.

Another notable addition is the enhanced privacy and security measures in iOS 16. Apple continues to prioritize user privacy, introducing new features such as App Privacy Reports that provide users with insights into how apps are accessing their data. The keynote emphasized Apple's commitment to protecting user information and empowering individuals to have full control over their digital lives.

> Apple Silicon: Powering the Future
> In recent years, Apple's transition to its custom-designed M1 chips has brought unprecedented power and efficiency to their devices. At the WWDC Keynote 2023, Apple reaffirmed its commitment to this journey by introducing the next generation of Apple Silicon. The keynote showcased the M2 chip, a marvel of engineering that promises even greater performance and energy efficiency across Apple's product lineup.

The M2 chip is designed to take full advantage of Apple's vertically integrated hardware and software ecosystem, resulting in a level of integration and optimization that is unmatched in the industry. From MacBooks to iMacs, the M2 chip promises lightning-fast performance, incredible battery life, and seamless integration with the latest software updates.

![ar-device](/images/post/post-13-2.png)
_Augmented Reality_

Revolutionizing Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality (AR) has long been an area of focus for Apple, and the WWDC Keynote 2023 demonstrated the company's commitment to pushing the boundaries of this exciting technology. Apple unveiled ARKit 5, the latest version of its AR development platform, packed with new features that make creating and experiencing AR content more immersive and engaging than ever before.

ARKit 5 introduces a groundbreaking technology called "Spatial Mapping," which allows developers to create highly detailed and realistic virtual environments.


WWDC Keynote 2023: A Glimpse into the Future of Apple


#### Introduction:

In the realm of digital activism, Reddit has emerged as a powerful platform for organizing and mobilizing communities. Over the past few years, we have witnessed numerous instances where Redditors have come together to raise their voices, challenge injustices, and demand change. In this article, we delve into the recent Reddit protest, exploring how the platform continues to reshape the landscape of online activism.

The Spark that Ignited the Flames:

Every protest has a catalyst, and the recent Reddit protest was no exception. It all began with a controversial decision made by a prominent subreddit moderator that resulted in the banning of several popular discussion threads. This move led to an outpouring of frustration from the subreddit's subscribers, sparking a broader conversation about moderation practices and the power dynamics within online communities.

The Power of the Collective Voice:

Reddit's unique structure, built around communities known as subreddits, allows users to congregate around specific interests or topics. This structure fosters a sense of belonging and shared purpose, making it easier for like-minded individuals to unite in pursuit of a common cause. When faced with an issue, Redditors can collectively leverage their upvotes, downvotes, comments, and posts to influence the platform's discourse and decision-making processes.

Organizing and Mobilizing:

One of the defining characteristics of the Reddit protest is its ability to swiftly organize and mobilize thousands of users. Reddit's threaded comment system enables efficient coordination, facilitating the dissemination of information, strategies, and rallying cries. Activists can create dedicated subreddits, threads, and even chat rooms to strategize and coordinate efforts, ensuring a unified front.

From Awareness to Action:

Beyond mere expressions of discontent, Reddit protests often translate into tangible actions. Activists utilize the platform as a springboard for fundraising, awareness campaigns, and lobbying efforts. They leverage the collective power of the community to push for real-world changes, such as petitions, contacting relevant authorities or organizations, and even organizing physical protests and events.

> Navigating the Challenges:
> While Reddit protests have proven to be influential, they are not without challenges. The decentralized nature of the platform makes it susceptible to manipulation and astroturfing, where outside entities attempt to steer the narrative or drown out genuine voices. Moderation can become a contentious issue as well, with disagreements over the limits of free speech and the role of administrators in shaping the platform's content.

The Road Ahead:

The recent Reddit protest serves as a reminder of the potential that lies within online activism. As technology continues to evolve, platforms like Reddit are likely to become even more influential in shaping public discourse and driving social change. However, striking a balance between empowering users and maintaining the integrity of the platform will remain an ongoing challenge.

![reddit-icon](/images/post/post-11-2.png)
_Internet Forum Reddit_

> Conclusion:
> The recent Reddit protest showcases the power of digital activism and the ability of online communities to rally around shared causes. Reddit's structure, which encourages community-building and allows for swift organization, plays a significant role in facilitating these protests. While challenges exist, the impact of Reddit protests cannot be understated. As we navigate the ever-evolving digital landscape, it is crucial to harness the potential of online platforms responsibly, ensuring that they remain spaces for genuine dialogue, activism, and positive change.


Reddit Protest: Unleashing the Power of Online Activism


###### Introduction:

As the world evolves, new power dynamics and geopolitical shifts are reshaping the global landscape. One such development is the rise of the BRICS nations, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. This diverse group of emerging economies has increasingly become a formidable force, offering a viable alternative to the traditional dominance of the Western powers. With their combined economic strength, vast resources, and growing influence, the BRICS nations are challenging the status quo and providing a fresh perspective on global governance, trade, and development.

Economic Powerhouses:
The BRICS nations collectively represent over 40% of the world's population and account for nearly a quarter of the global GDP. Their economic growth rates have consistently outpaced those of developed countries, serving as engines of global growth and trade. With China and India leading the way as the world's two most populous countries, their consumer markets offer immense potential for investment and market expansion. Additionally, Russia and Brazil possess abundant natural resources, while South Africa provides a gateway to the African continent. By fostering closer economic cooperation within the bloc, the BRICS nations have the capacity to shape the global economic landscape.

New Development Bank:
Recognizing the need for financial institutions that align with their interests, the BRICS nations established the New Development Bank (NDB) in 2014. The NDB serves as an alternative to the Western-dominated World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), providing funding for infrastructure and sustainable development projects. By leveraging their collective financial resources, the BRICS nations are empowering developing countries to pursue their economic goals without strict conditionalities often associated with Western lending institutions. The NDB promotes a more inclusive and multipolar approach to global development, fostering South-South cooperation and facilitating infrastructure connectivity.

![alter-text](/images/post/post-10-2.jpg)
_Brics Nation_

Diplomatic Influence:
Beyond their economic prowess, the BRICS nations are increasingly asserting their diplomatic influence on the global stage. By coordinating their positions, these countries can amplify their voices and shape international discourse. They have been actively advocating for a more equitable international order, calling for reforms in global governance structures that reflect the evolving power dynamics. As major contributors to peacekeeping missions and regional security, the BRICS nations are actively engaged in resolving conflicts and promoting stability, thereby challenging the West's historical monopoly in these areas.

Trade and Multilateralism:
The BRICS nations have embraced multilateralism as a means to strengthen their collective bargaining power in trade negotiations. They have championed initiatives like the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which has become the world's largest trade agreement, comprising nearly a third of global GDP. By diversifying their trading partners and reducing dependence on Western markets, the BRICS nations are carving out a niche for themselves in the global economy. This alternative trade architecture fosters greater South-South trade and promotes a fairer distribution of economic benefits.

> Conclusion:
> The BRICS nations have emerged as a compelling alternative to the West, offering a new vision for global governance, economic development, and trade. Their collective economic strength, diverse resources, and growing diplomatic influence enable them to challenge the traditional dominance of Western powers. By establishing institutions such as the New Development Bank and advocating for reforms in global governance structures, the BRICS nations are working towards a more multipolar and equitable world order. As their influence continues to grow, the BRICS nations are demonstrating that alternative models can foster greater inclusivity, cooperation, and shared prosperity on the global stage.


BRICS Nations: A Promising Alternative to the West


##### Introduction:

China, known for its rapid industrialization and economic growth, has been grappling with severe air pollution for decades. However, recent efforts and measures implemented by the Chinese government have shown some promising results in the battle against air pollution. Although progress has been made, there is still much work to be done to achieve sustainable and clean air for all Chinese citizens.

The Struggle with Air Pollution:
China's struggle with air pollution has been primarily attributed to its heavy reliance on coal-fired power plants, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and rampant construction activities. The situation reached alarming levels in major cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, where smog-filled skies became a common sight, posing significant risks to public health and the environment.

Government Actions and Policies:
Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the Chinese government launched a series of measures to combat air pollution. In 2013, it implemented an ambitious action plan known as the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan." The plan aimed to reduce particulate matter (PM) concentrations and improve air quality by setting specific targets and implementing stricter regulations.

One of the key strategies adopted by the government was the promotion of clean energy sources. China has become the world's largest investor in renewable energy, with massive investments in solar and wind power. By shifting away from coal and embracing cleaner energy alternatives, the government aimed to reduce the emissions responsible for air pollution.

Additionally, stricter emission standards were introduced for industries and vehicles, mandating the use of cleaner technologies and catalytic converters. The government also implemented measures to reduce dust from construction sites and to control agricultural burning, both significant contributors to air pollution.

Progress and Achievements:
The efforts to combat air pollution in China have shown positive results. According to data from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the average concentration of PM2.5, the most harmful airborne particles, has decreased by more than 30% in major cities since 2013. This reduction in particulate matter levels has contributed to improved visibility and healthier air for millions of people.

Furthermore, the transition to cleaner energy sources has made significant strides. China has become a global leader in renewable energy capacity, with its solar and wind power sectors experiencing exponential growth. This shift has not only helped reduce air pollution but has also positioned China as a major player in the fight against climate change.

> Challenges and the Way Forward:
> Despite the progress made, China still faces significant challenges in its battle against air pollution. Industrial growth, urbanization, and increasing vehicle ownership continue to strain efforts to achieve clean air. Additionally, certain regions of the country, especially in northern China, still experience severe pollution episodes during winter due to increased coal consumption for heating purposes.

To continue the positive trend, China needs to strengthen enforcement of existing regulations and further tighten emission standards. It should also invest in advanced pollution monitoring and early warning systems to identify pollution sources quickly and implement targeted solutions. Collaborative efforts between the government, industries, and citizens are crucial to creating a sustainable and healthy environment for future generations.

![china-pollution](/images/post/post-9-2.jpg)
_Air Quality dynamics in China_

#### Conclusion:

China's efforts to combat air pollution have yielded significant progress, with notable reductions in particulate matter levels and increased investments in renewable energy. However, the battle against air pollution is far from over. The government must continue its commitment to sustainable development, implement stricter measures, and engage citizens to ensure clean air for all. By addressing these challenges, China can set an example for the world and pave the way toward a greener and healthier future.


China's air pollution levels are decreasing.


Even the best amplifiers in the world (and ours is not) can be susceptible to electromagnetic noise. You've got your killer experiment designed, your preparation and electrode in place, but BLAST! where is that infernal noise coming from that's drowning out your spikes? You can thank Nikola Tesla for your electrical noise, but, have no fear, Michael Faraday has come to your rescue!

## What will you learn?

In the lesson you will learn exactly what makes electromagnetic interference (EMIs) and how they interfere with your recordings. You will also learn how a faraday cage helps shield your recordings from (EMIs). Finally you will build your very own faraday cage and enlist in the battle against noisy data!

## Background

A Faraday cage is a container made of conducting material, such as wire mesh or metal plates, that shields what it encloses from external electric fields. In our experiments, a Faraday cage can be used to prevent external electromagnetic interference (EMI, or noise) from interfering with our neural recordings. As you know, the neural signals that we are recording are very small (on the order of micro-volts), and we use our Spikerboxes to amplify these small signals to a large enough amplitude that we can hear and record them. Depending on our environment, though, there can be electromagnetic, radio, microwave, or other types of invisible emissions that can travel through the air and interact with the metal needles and wire that we use as electrodes. The metal then propagates the noise signal like an antenna into our neural recordings, interfering with or even drowning out our recordings so that all we hear, in the worst cases, is a radio station! A Faraday cage then can be used to block many of these noise sources.

![IMAGE ALT TEXT HERE](/images/post/post-4-1.jpeg)

The Faraday cage is named after 1800s scientist [Michael Faraday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday), but to learn how the cage works we start with another famous scientist, [Charles-Augustin de Coulomb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb). Coulomb did much work on the dynamics of charged particles and the electric fields that they generate. Coulomb determined that the electric field, "E", at a radius "r" away from a stationary point charge, "Q", could be calculated by this equation:

![IMAGE ALT TEXT HERE](/images/post/post-4-2.jpeg)

Where ε0 is the permittivity of free space and er is the radial unit vector. If you don't understand the math (you will one day), it means the electric field strength declines the further away you are from an electric source. If you are driving on a highway and notice a radio station fading, for example, it's because you are getting further away from the big radio transmitter tower.

The take-home is that this law gives us the foundation for a mathematical relationship that relates charge and electric fields within a fixed volume of space. A Faraday cage encloses such a fixed volume of space, and, if the cage is made of conductive material, the cage's defining characteristic is that it prevents external charges from inducing electric fields within that volume. Here are two of the main rules that govern this barrier effect:

1. Coulomb's Law demands that the charges in a conductor at equilibrium be as far apart as possible, and thus the net electric charge of a conductor resides entirely on its surface.
2. Any net electric field inside the conductor would cause charge to move since it is abundant and mobile, but equilibrium demands that the net force within the conductor is equal to zero. Thus, the electric field inside of the conductor is zero.
Rule 2 tells us that the electric field inside the conductor at equilibrium is zero, and Rule 1 tells us that the charge of the conductor will be found entirely at the surface (boundary). In other words, the surface of the conducting volume becomes a barrier where charges move to and around the surface to generate fields exactly opposing any charge that seeks to cross the border, thus maintaining an interior free from external electrical interference.

![IMAGE ALT TEXT HERE](/images/post/post-4-3.jpeg)

Faraday first demonstrated this in a [famous ice bucket and metal sphere experiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday's_ice_pail_experiment). Faraday lowered a metal ball charged with static electricity into a metal bucket supported by a wooden chair that insulated the bucket from the ground. When the charged ball was lowered into the bucket without touching the bucket, the charges on the surface of the bucket became redistributed through electrostatic induction. This concept became known as the Faraday cage principle you are studying today.

![IMAGE ALT TEXT HERE](/images/post/post-4-4.jpeg)

Below we will examine the effects of the Faraday cage on various conditions when doing neural recordings with the SpikerBox, along with an easy experiment you can do at home. Here is a video explaining a very simple way to build and use a Faraday Cage.

[![IMAGE ALT TEXT HERE](https://img.youtube.com/vi/FVBti1vhJVA/0.jpg)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVBti1vhJVA)

## Procedure

###### Building the Faraday Cage
Note that we also sell pre-made Faraday Cages if you do not want to visit the hardware store.

1. Measure out an 8 x 16 inch rectangle of screen metal mesh
2. Cut out the rectangle with heavy duty scissors
3. Measure and cut five 8-inch lengths of wood strips
4. Carefully unroll metal mesh rectangle so that it lays flat
5. Begin Stapling metal mesh through wood strips
6. Staple first strip at end of mesh.
7. Staple second strip 5.5 inches away from first strip, again length-wise on mesh
8. Staple third strip 2.5 inches distant from second strip
9. Staple fourth strip 5.5 inches distant from third strip
10. Staple fifth strip at far end of mesh
11. The wood strips are braces, so after stapling them into place, fold the mesh at each strip to form a rectangular box

###### Using the Faraday Cage for Spikes
1. Set up a standard cockroach leg recording prep as described in Experiment 1
2. Create a noisy environment by hooking up a laptop to wall outlet and turning on a soldering iron or other high power appliance. Place your SpikerBox by these electronics, and also turn on all fluorescent lights in the room. Record your observations on noise level vs. neural signal level.
3. Clip an alligator clip to the ground (outside of RCA connector) on the Spikerbox.
4. Place your Spikerbox into your Faraday cage, with cage open. Record your observations on noise level vs. neural signal level.
5. Close your Faraday cage but don't connect the alligator clip to anything. Record your observations on noise level vs. neural signal level
6. Connect your alligator cable to the screen mesh of the cage. Record your observations on noise level vs. neural signal level
###### Using the Faraday Cage on Cell Phones
1. Microwave ovens are examples of Faraday cages, because they are meant to prevent the radiation used to cook the food from escaping into the environment. Aluminum foil is a conductive material, which may also be used to create a quick, impromptu Faraday cage (just ask your neighborhood neuroscientist).

2. Call your cell phone and make sure that it rings (this is your control).
3. Next, take your cell phone and put it in a (turned off!) microwave.
4. Call the cell phone from another phone. Does it ring?
5. Next, open the microwave door and dial your house phone number on the cell phone. As soon as you hit 'send', shut the microwave door quickly. Does your house phone ring?
6. Finally, wrap the cell phone in aluminum foil. Call the cell phone again? Does it ring?

DIY Farady Cage


So you have become quite the master of web design. Your pages look fabulous and you are pretty sure this is what you want to do for a living. If you are also looking for a way to make your skills stand out in the pile of resumes on the desk of a future employer, then you might want to consider a webmaster certification. There are quite a few web design certifications out there that will test your ability to design, code, and implement web pages and sites. Although many are oriented towards the beginner, there are also a few very advanced certifications that will elevate you to the level of Web Master.
## Beginner Web Design Certifications

Beginner web design certifications focus on page layout, use of graphics, HTML, use of browsers and style sheets. These will start you on the path to more advanced certifications.

- **CWD (Certified Web Designer):** The CWD certification is offered by the Association of Web Professionals (AWP). You will need basic internet and design knowledge to pass the single exam. The exam is given online by Jupiter Systems, who are the current sponsors of the AWP. A Web Manager and Technician Certifications are also offered by the AWP. These are more intermediate certs and focus less on design.

- **CAW (Certified Associate Webmaster):** The CAW certification is offered by WOW and covers most of the basics with a focus in markup and scripting. One exam is required, costs $125 and is available through VUE.

- **HTML Developer Certificate from W3C:** The World Wide Web Consortium (WC3) is the group that sets the standards for the internet. They offer a basic, 70 question exam that results in a certificate and tests you on HTML, XHTML, and CSS. All the materials needed to study are free on the site so, considering the source and the cost, this is a great choice for a certification.​

- **BCIP (Brainbench Certified Internet Professional):** Brainbench offers several good certification preparation exams. In addition, you can apply several of the skills exams to get the BCIP certification. It requires 4 exams in total and a couple of them are free. Most run from $20 to $50, making this a very affordable certification and an excellent way to test your skills in preparation for more advanced certs.

## Intermediate Web Design Certificates

Expect to have knowledge of coding and scripting along with some solid job experience to jump to the intermediate level of certification.

- **AWP (Associate Webmaster Professional):** Sponsored by WebYoda, the AWP requires one exam. Exam topics cover Internet Fundamentals, basic and advanced HTML & XHTML knowledge, and expertise with CSS.

- **Coldfusion MX Developer Certification:** If you have experience with programming languages and one year of working with Coldfusion, you are eligible for this exam. It consists of 66 questions. A score of 80 percent or above will earn you an Advanced Developer Certification.

- **DreamWeaver MX Certification:** Proficiency in Dreamweaver plus experience with coding, graphics, and website management will help you with this exam. The exam is 65 questions and you must score 70 percent or better to pass.

- **Flash Certification:** Macromedia offers two tracks for the Flash certification: Flash MX Designer and Flash MX Developer. Each requires one 65 question exam. The Designer exam requires knowledge of Flash motion design, optimization, and publishing. The Developer exam requires knowledge of relational database design along with one to two years of experience in software development & web design.

- **MCTS (Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist):** This certification was created for anyone developing on .NET Framework 2.0 Web Applications. You must pass two exams, one focusing on the .NET Framework 2.0 foundational skills and another focusing on Web-based client development. From here you can take one additional exam to obtain the MCPD: Web Developer certification.

## Advanced Web Design Certifications

Advanced certifications will require that you expand your horizons well beyond proficiency in internet and design concepts. Depending on the cert you choose, you will now need to master e-business, marketing, security, management, and more advanced scripting skills.

- **CIW Master:** There are several tracks for CIW Master candidates to choose from, including Administrator, Developer, Web Site Manager, and Security Analyst. Each track requires multiple exams on a variety of subjects.

- **CWP:** The CWP certification requires that you hold the AWP certification and take one exam. Although training offered by WebYoda (the sponsor of the CWP) is recommended, it is not required. The exam covers web design & graphics, e-business concepts, intermediate Java skills, and e-marketing concepts.

- **Global Knowledge Webmaster:** This certification is achieved through a serious of lecture and lab classes covering Java (or Perl), advanced web design, databases, and XML development.

Want a way to validate your awesome web design skills? Get Certified. So you have become quite the master of web design. Your pages look fabulous and you are pretty sure this is what you want to do for a living. If you are also looking for a way to make your skills stand out in the pile of resumes on the desk of a future employer, then you might want to consider a webmaster certification. There are quite a few web design certifications out there that will test your ability to design, code, and implement web pages and sites. Although many are oriented towards the beginner, there are also a few very advanced certifications that will elevate you to the level of Web Master.

Web Design Certifications


Are you ready to give your mathematics skills a boost? These simple math tricks can help you perform calculations more quickly and easily. They also come in handy if you want to impress your teacher, parents, or friends.

## 01 Multiplying by 6

If you multiply 6 by an even number, the answer will end with the same digit. The number in the ten's place will be half of the number in the one's place.

Example: 6 x 4 = 24.

## 02 The Answer Is 2

1. Think of a number.
2. Multiply it by 3.
3. Add 6.
4. Divide this number by 3.
5. Subtract the number from Step 1 from the answer in Step 4.
The answer is 2.

## 03 Same Three-Digit Number

1. Think of any three-digit number in which each of the digits is the same. Examples include 333, 666, 777, and 999.
2. Add up the digits.
3. Divide the three-digit number by the answer in Step 2.
The answer is 37.

## 04 Six Digits Become Three

1. Take any three-digit number and write it twice to make a six-digit number. Examples include 371371 or 552552.
2. Divide the number by 7.
3. Divide it by 11.
4. Divide it by 13.
The order in which you do the division is unimportant!

The answer is the three-digit number.

Examples: 371371 gives you 371 or 552552 gives you 552.

1. A related trick is to take any three-digit number.
2. Multiply it by 7, 11, and 13.
The result will be a six-digit number that repeats the three-digit number.

Example: 456 becomes 456456.

## 05 The 11 Rule

This is a quick way to multiply two-digit numbers by 11 in your head.

1. Separate the two digits in your mind.
2. Add the two digits together.
3. Place the number from Step 2 between the two digits. If the number from Step 2 is greater than 9, put the one's digit in the space and carry the ten's digit.
Examples: 72 x 11 = 792.

57 x 11 = 5 _ 7, but 5 + 7 = 12, so put 2 in the space and add the 1 to the 5 to get 627

## 06 Memorizing Pi

To remember the first seven digits of pi, count the number of letters in each word of the sentence:

"How I wish I could calculate pi."

This becomes 3.141592.

## 07 Contains the Digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8

1. Select a number from 1 to 6.
2. Multiply the number by 9.
3. Multiply it by 111.
4. Multiply it by 1001.
5. Divide the answer by 7.
The number will contain the digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8. 

Example: The number 6 yields the answer 714285.

## 08 Multiply Large Numbers in Your Head

To easily multiply two double-digit numbers, use their distance from 100 to simplify the math:

1. Subtract each number from 100.
2. Add these values together.
3. 100 minus this number is the first part of the answer.
4. Multiply the digits from Step 1 to get the second part of the answer.

## 09 Super Simple Divisibility Rules

You've got 210 pieces of pizza and want to know whether or not you can split them evenly within your group. Rather than whip out the calculator, use these simple shortcuts to do the math in your head:
- Divisible by 2 if the last digit is a multiple of 2 (210).
- Divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3 (522 because the digits add up to 9, which is divisible by 3).
- Divisible by 4 if the last two digits are divisible by 4 (2540 because 40 is divisible by 4).
- Divisible by 5 if the last digit is 0 or 5 (9905).
- Divisible by 6 if it passes the rules for both 2 and 3 (408).
- Divisible by 9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9 (6390 since 6 + 3 + 9 + 0 = 18, which is divisible by 9).
- Divisible by 10 if the number ends in a 0 (8910).
- Divisible by 12 if the rules for divisibility by 3 and 4 apply.
Example: The 210 slices of pizza may be evenly distributed into groups of 2, 3, 5, 6, 10.

## 10 Finger Multiplication Tables

Everyone knows you can count on your fingers. Did you realize you can use them for multiplication? A simple way to do the "9" multiplication table is to place both hands in front of you with fingers and thumbs extended. To multiply 9 by a number, fold down that number finger, counting from the left.

Examples: To multiply 9 by 5, fold down the fifth finger from the left. Count fingers on either side of the "fold" to get the answer. In this case, the answer is 45.

To multiply 9 times 6, fold down the sixth finger, giving an answer of 54.

10 Math Tricks That Will Blow Your Mind


A potato battery is a type of electrochemical cell. An electrochemical cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. In the potato battery, there is a transfer of electrons between the zinc coating the galvanized nail that will be inserted into the potato and the copper wire that will be inserted another part of the potato. The potato conducts electricity, yet keeps the zinc ions and copper ions separate, so that the electrons in the copper wire are forced to move (generate current). It's not enough power to shock you, but the potato can run a small digital clock.

## 01 Materials for a Potato Clock

You may have the supplies for the potato clock lying around the house already. Otherwise, you can find the materials for a potato clock in any hardware store. There are also pre-made kits you can purchase that contain everything you need except the potatoes. You will need:

- 2 potatoes (or cut one potato in half)
- 2 short lengths of copper wire
- 2 galvanized nails (not all nails are galvanized or zinc-coated)
- 3 alligator clip wire units (alligator clips connected to each other with wire)
- 1 low-voltage LED clock (type that takes a 1-2 volt button battery)

## 02 How to Make a Potato Clock

Here is what you need to do to turn the potato into a battery and get it to work the clock:

1. If there is a battery already in the clock, remove it.
2. Insert a galvanized nail into each potato.
3. Insert a short piece of copper wire into each potato. Put the wire as far as possible from the nail.
4. Use an alligator clip to connect the copper wire of one potato to the positive (+) terminal of the clock's battery compartment.
5. Use another alligator clip to connect the nail in the other potato to the negative (-) terminal in the clock's battery compartment.
6. Use the third alligator clip to connect the nail in potato one to the copper wire in potato two.
7. Set your clock.

## 03 More Fun Things to Try

Let your imagination run with this idea. There are variations on the potato clock and other things you can try.

See what else your potato battery can power. It should be able to run a computer fan. Can it light a light bulb?
Try substituting copper pennies for the copper wire.
Potatoes are not the only foods that can act as electrochemical cells. Experiment with lemons, bananas, pickles, or cola as a power source.


Make a Potato Battery to Power an LED Clock


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## Covid-19 Situation

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Artificial Intelligence and Robotics In A Nutshell

How to make toys from old Olarpaper


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## Covid-19 Situation

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## Work From Home

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In the midst of the swift advancement of automation in surgical procedures, Medicaroid Corporation has unveiled the inaugural Japanese-made surgical robot, named "Hinotori." This innovative creation is anticipated to make significant inroads into a market that has predominantly been controlled by foreign companies thus far.

## Technological Innovation in the World of Medicine

In August 2020, the new surgical robot received approval for manufacturing and sales in Japan. Later, in December 2022, additional robotic surgical procedures were approved for insurance coverage. On January 10, 2023, Hinotori, the surgical robot, was honored with the Prime Minister's Prize from the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry.

> Equipped with four robotic arms, Hinotori replaces the surgeon and is operated remotely. The surgeon performs the procedure while referring to detailed 3D stereoscopic images for guidance.

Medicaroid, a joint venture between Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Sysmex Corporation, initiated the development of Hinotori in 2015. Kawasaki, known for developing Japan's first industrial robot, and Sysmex, a leader in medical testing and diagnostic technology, have combined their technological expertise for Hinotori's advancement.

By June 2022, robotic surgery had expanded its presence in various medical departments, including urology, gastrointestinal surgery, and gynecology. A total of 28 Japanese medical facilities, including university hospitals, had incorporated surgical robots. Over the following six months until December 15, 2022, Hinotori had been used in 840 surgeries.

From 1999 to 2022, the da Vinci Surgical System, developed by Intuitive Surgical, Inc. in the United States, held a near monopoly in the surgical robot market. However, after the expiration of their patent in 2019, several companies entered the market.

Hinotori, which is smaller and more affordable, with prices starting at approximately ￥ 200 million JPY ($1.56 million USD), is gaining significant traction. Medicaroid estimated in June 2022 that it would capture around 20% of the domestic market share within two years of its sales launch.

![(© Sankei Shimbun)](/images/post/post-12-2.png)
Surgery support robot "da Vinci" is being used by a doctor who operates the arm while looking at the monitor. At Wakayama Medical University on October 13, 2012. (© Sankei Shimbun)


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